Chicago Style

From ChatGPT generation

The Chicago format offers two main citation systems:

1. Author-Date System
2. Notes and Bibliography System

1. Author-Date System

This system is commonly used in the social and natural sciences. References are integrated into the text as short parenthetical citations (e.g., Name Year) with a full list of references at the end of the document.

Example of in-text citations:

• (Dupont 2020)
• (Martin and Durand 2019)
• According to Dupont (2020), safety techniques…

Example of reference list:

• Book:

  Dupont, Jean. 2020. *Les techniques de l'escalade*. Presses Universitaires.
  

• Journal article:

  Martin, Antoine, and Paul Durand. 2019. "L'analyse des nœuds d'escalade." *Journal des sports de montagne* 12 (3): 45-60.
  

• Chapter in edited book:

  Durand, Paul. 2021. "Techniques de sécurité." In *L'escalade moderne*, edited by Luc Mercier, 123-145. Sports Editions.
  

2. Notes and Bibliography System

This system is often used in the humanities (history, literature, arts) and relies on footnotes or endnotes, followed by a complete bibliography.

Example of footnotes:

1. Jean Dupont, Les techniques de l’escalade (Paris: Presses Universitaires, 2020), 45.
2. Antoine Martin and Paul Durand, “L’analyse des nœuds d’escalade,” Journal des sports de montagne 12, no. 3 (2019): 45-60.

Example of bibliography:

• Book:

  Dupont, Jean. *Les techniques de l'escalade*. Paris: Presses Universitaires, 2020.
  

• Journal article:

  Martin, Antoine, and Paul Durand. "L'analyse des nœuds d'escalade." *Journal des sports de montagne* 12, no. 3 (2019): 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1234/jssm.v12i3.789.
  

• Chapter in edited book:

  Durand, Paul. "Techniques de sécurité." In *L'escalade moderne*, edited by Luc Mercier, 123-145. Paris: Sports Editions, 2021.
  

Additional Details:

• Books: Mention the author, year, title in italics, place of publication, and publisher.
• Journal articles: Include the author, year, article title in quotation marks, journal title in italics, volume, issue number, pages, and URL or DOI if available.
• Chapters in edited books: State the chapter author, chapter title in quotation marks, book title in italics, book editor, pages, place of publication, and publisher.

Choosing the Format:

• Author-Date System: Preferred for the sciences, allowing readers to quickly identify the date of the cited work.
• Notes and Bibliography System: Useful for the humanities, enabling additional contextual information to be provided in the footnotes, enriching the text.

The Chicago Manual of Style provides detailed guidelines on these formats, including rules for citing online sources, media, multi-volume works, etc.